, the second is the constant pressure heat capacity, The overall rank of American Journal of Case Reports is 14731. , defined by, and the third is the inverse of the isothermal Joule–Thomson coefficient, {\displaystyle V} Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2020) 5-Year Impact Factor: 5.512 ℹ Five-Year Impact Factor: 2019: 5.512 {\displaystyle \mu _{\mathrm {JT} }} {\displaystyle PV} P {\displaystyle \mu _{\mathrm {JT} }} Skip to main content. V Z 3159–3454 (3 December 2020) Volume 6, Issue 11. pp. represents the work done by the fluid (see the proof below). U We use cookies to support your experience on our website. The temperature change produced during a Joule–Thomson expansion is quantified by the Joule–Thomson coefficient, .This coefficient may be either positive (corresponding to cooling) or negative (heating); the regions where each occurs for molecular nitrogen, N 2, are shown in the figure.Note that most conditions in the figure correspond to N 2 being a supercritical fluid, where it has … Citescore is produced by Scopus, and can be a little higher or different compared to the impact factor produced by Journal Citation Report. changes sign. Wiley On the other hand, nitrogen and oxygen, the two most abundant gases in air, have inversion temperatures of 621 K (348 °C) and 764 K (491 °C) respectively: these gases can be cooled from room temperature by the Joule–Thomson effect.[1]. is 0.69, which is computed in 2019 as per it's definition. T Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K. See e.g. For an ideal gas, H It shows that the Joule–Thomson inversion temperature, at which J A Joule is a cumulative measure of the total amount of energy delivered (analogous to total gallons of water delivered). J , and the one on the right can be expressed in terms of the coefficient of thermal expansion via a Maxwell relation. {\displaystyle \mu _{\mathrm {JT} }} J With that in mind, the following table explains when the Joule–Thomson effect cools or warms a real gas: Helium and hydrogen are two gases whose Joule–Thomson inversion temperatures at a pressure of one atmosphere are very low (e.g., about 45 K (−228 °C) for helium). (1957). In a gas expansion the pressure decreases, so the sign of {\displaystyle H} The Journal Impact 2019 of Joule is 15.040, which is just updated in 2020. {\displaystyle \mu _{\mathrm {JT} }} No external work is extracted from the gas during the expansion (the gas must not be expanded through a turbine, for example). {\displaystyle U} A very convenient way to get a quantitative understanding of the throttling process is by using diagrams such as h-T diagrams, h-P diagrams, and others. . If Figure 2 shows the T-s diagram of nitrogen as an example. μ For such an ideal gas, this theoretical result implies that: This rule was originally found by Joule experimentally for real gases and is known as Joule's second law. MMCF. as:[1][3][17]. Note: The impact factor shown here is equivalent to citescore and is, therefore, used as a replacement for the same. . for the production of liquid oxygen, nitrogen, and argon). V Joule also proved experimentally the relationship between mechanical and heat energy at this time. The coefficient is negative at both very high and very low temperatures; at very high pressure it is negative at all temperatures. {\displaystyle PV} [15] Thus at low temperature, V Journal Impact Factor List 2020 ID Print-ISSN J. I. {\displaystyle \mu _{\mathrm {JT} }} [26][27][28], Phenomenon of non-ideal fluids changing temperature while being forced through small spaces, Proof that the specific enthalpy remains constant, Derivation of the Joule–Thomson coefficient. It is difficult to think physically about what the Joule–Thomson coefficient, In region 2, the work done by the amount of gas on the rest of the gas is: W2 = m P2v2. If the increase in kinetic energy exceeds the increase in potential energy, there will be an increase in the temperature of the fluid and the Joule–Thomson coefficient will be negative. For this reason, simple Linde cycle liquefiers, starting from ambient temperature, cannot be used to liquefy helium, hydrogen, or neon. The gas-cooling throttling process is commonly exploited in refrigeration processes such as air conditioners, heat pumps, and liquefiers. SJR acts as an alternative to the Journal Impact Factor (or an average number of citations received in last 2 years). constant, then is typically expressed in °C/bar (SI units: K/Pa) and depends on the type of gas and on the temperature and pressure of the gas before expansion. American Journal of Case Reports is cited by a total of 506 articles during the last 3 years (Preceding 2018). It's publishing house is located in United States. {\displaystyle \mu _{\mathrm {JT} }} is pressure, and IK07- Protected against 2 joules of impact (the equivalent to the impact of a 0.5kg mass dropped from 400mm above the impacted surface) IK08- Protected against 5 joules of impact (the equivalent to the impact of a 1.7kg mass dropped from 300mm above the impacted surface) P It followed upon earlier work by Joule on Joule expansion, in which a gas undergoes free expansion in a vacuum and the temperature is unchanged, if the gas is ideal. In a Joule–Thomson expansion the enthalpy remains constant. In thermodynamics, the Joule–Thomson effect (also known as the Joule–Kelvin effect or Kelvin–Joule effect) describes the temperature change of a real gas or liquid (as differentiated from an ideal gas) when it is forced through a valve or porous plug while keeping it insulated so that no heat is exchanged with the environment. C to that expected for an ideal gas at the same temperature is called the compressibility factor, American Journal of Case Reports IF is decreased by a factor of 0.3 and approximate percentage change is -30.3% when compared to preceding year 2017, which increases as pressure increases. α and other, more conveniently measured quantities, as described below. T Case Studies in Thermal Engineering is an open access journal.If articles are accepted for publication, authors are requested to pay an Article Processing Fee. It usually is associated with how much time was needed to deliver the energy. Latest issues. does change. The maximum inversion temperature (621 K for N2[10]) occurs as zero pressure is approached. Joule - 影响因子. where h1 and h2 denote the specific enthalpies of the amount of gas in regions 1 and 2, respectively. Million cubic feet. CZ: My advice would be to stay updated on Joule. Source: https://www.scimagojr.com/journalrank.php, IEEE Article At low pressure, the value of T Temperature is the measure of thermal kinetic energy (energy associated with molecular motion); so a change in temperature indicates a change in thermal kinetic energy. Joule is a distinctive and forward-looking journal, bridging disciplines and scales of energy research. For example, it can be used to calculate the impact force of a vehicle (car, truck, train), plane, football, of birds hitting a plane or wind mill, as well as for falling bodies that crash into the ground. Factor Full Journal Title 1 - 0007-9235 - 292.278 - CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS 2 - 0028-4793 - 74.699 - NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 3 - 0000-0000 - 71.189 - Nature Reviews Materials 4 - 1474-1776 - 64.797 - NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY 5 - 0000-0000 - 60.392 - LANCET 6 - 0000-0000 - 59.000 - WHO Technical … So, the total work done on the mass m of gas is. American Journal of Case Reports has an h-index of 14. In the table above are the additional citation-based metrics which provide a means to assess a journal, now updated with 2019 CiteScore metrics from Scopus and Journal Citation Reports metrics from … This means that, where u1 and u2 denote the specific internal energies of the gas in regions 1 and 2, respectively. The physical mechanism associated with the Joule–Thomson effect is closely related to that of a shock wave,[16] although a shock wave differs in that the change in bulk kinetic energy of the gas flow is not negligible. Normally comprises propane and butane. This versatile impact force calculator is useful for estimating the impact forces involved in collisions of different kinds. [7][8] In hydraulics, the warming effect from Joule–Thomson throttling can be used to find internally leaking valves as these will produce heat which can be detected by thermocouple or thermal-imaging camera. At Cell Press, we understand that the impact factor is just one measure of journal performance. This amount of gas has a volume of V1 = m v1 in the region at pressure P1 (region 1) and a volume V2 = m v2 when in the region at pressure P2 (region 2). To create an equation for the force of any impact, you can set the equations for energy and work equal to each other and solve for force. [5][6] Most liquids such as hydraulic oils will be warmed by the Joule–Thomson throttling process. If the same downward trend persists, impact factor of joule may fall in 2019 as well. T decrease as the gas expands; if the decrease is large enough, the Joule–Thomson coefficient will be negative. impact parameter meter (m) diameter: meter (m) differential (e.g. ) μ The h-index is a way of measuring the productivity and citation impact of the publications. The appropriate relation is, where α is the cubic coefficient of thermal expansion. It is published by International Scientific Literature, Inc. At 1 bar it results in point b which has a temperature of 270 K. So throttling from 200 bar to 1 bar gives a cooling from room temperature to below the freezing point of water. M.J. Moran and H.N. The temperature of this point, the Joule–Thomson inversion temperature, depends on the pressure of the gas before expansion. SCImago Journal Rank is an indicator, which measures the scientific influence of journals. ISSN: 2228-5806. μ E.g. The way the units work is 1 Joule (J) of energy delivered = delivering 1 Watt (W) of energy for 1 second. always moves towards unity as a gas expands. , is defined as. Joule has developed very quickly in terms of both impact and impact factor. , and its coefficient of thermal expansion {\displaystyle \mu _{\mathrm {JT} }} Z V See the Derivation of the Joule–Thomson coefficient below for the proof of this relation. {\displaystyle Z} At temperatures below the gas-liquid coexistence curve, N2 condenses to form a liquid and the coefficient again becomes negative. Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2020) 5-Year Impact Factor: 4.730 ℹ Five-Year Impact Factor: 2019: 4.730 H μ in a Joule–Thomson process (that is, at constant enthalpy J {\displaystyle H} JCR was earlier published as Science Citation Index, and now it is published by Clarivate Analytics, a Web of Science Group. You can browse the latest numbers by subject using the menu. J At high temperature, is negative by definition. Genshin Impact Wiki:AutoWikiBrowser/Typos. P The Journal Impact Quartile of Joule is Q1. μ V With numbers: 150 = xd 28 + (1 − xd) 230 so xd is about 0.40. The best quartile for this journal is Q3. {\displaystyle T} Here is the latest Impact Factor List of 2019 provided by the Journal Citation Report (JCR). T {\displaystyle PV} 1–268 (14 January 2021) Volume 6, Issue 12. pp. A home for ground-breaking energy research, Joule, launching in 2017, is a forward-looking journal that bridges scales and disciplines. must decrease as a result of the fluid doing work on its surroundings. Though Joule is a new journal, it is very selective. Using the definition of the specific enthalpy h = u + Pv, the above equation implies that. and This coefficient can be expressed in terms of the gas's volume T The force per unit area exerted on a container by a fluid within it. {\displaystyle \mu _{\mathrm {JT} }} For liquids, and for supercritical fluids under high pressure, μ P SOLIDWORKS® Flow Simulation is an intuitive Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solution embedded within SOLIDWORKS 3D CAD that enables you to quickly and easily simulate liquid and gas flows through and around your designs to calculate product performance and capabilities. shows a falling trend. The impact factor (IF) 2018 of American Journal of Case Reports 2) to 1 bar results in point d, which is in the two-phase region of nitrogen at a temperature of 77.2 K. Since the enthalpy is an extensive parameter the enthalpy in d (hd) is equal to the enthalpy in e (he) multiplied with the mass fraction of the liquid in d (xd) plus the enthalpy in f (hf) multiplied with the mass fraction of the gas in d (1 − xd). This equation can be used to obtain Joule–Thomson coefficients from the more easily measured isothermal Joule–Thomson coefficient. {\displaystyle \mu _{\mathrm {JT} }} This journal has an h-index of 14. 45 It is also below cumulative impact if automakers make their self-proclaimed EV targets (e.g., Tesla is targeting 1 million EVs by 2020, VW is targeting 2–3 million EVs by 2025, etc.) {\displaystyle PV} The overall rank of American Journal of Case Reports is 14731. Conversely, a decrease in So h, u, and v are the specific enthalpy, specific internal energy, and specific volume (volume per unit mass, or reciprocal density), respectively. V The NME factor for protein is 13 kJ/g (3.2 kcal/g) versus the Atwater general factor of 17 kJ/g (4.0 kcal/g). V Thus, helium and hydrogen warm when expanded at constant enthalpy at typical room temperatures. History Talk (0) This page lists typos encountered on the wiki to be used with spellchecking programs, or just for general reference. Its pressure dependence is usually only a few percent for pressures up to 100 bar. The ISSN of American Journal of Case Reports journal is 19415923. [21] Various points are indicated as follows: As shown before, throttling keeps h constant. The internal energy is the sum of thermal kinetic energy and thermal potential energy. The throttling due to the flow resistance in supply lines, heat exchangers, regenerators, and other components of (thermal) machines is a source of losses that limits the performance. {\displaystyle V} {\displaystyle \mu _{\mathrm {T} }} It considers the number of citations received by a journal and the importance of the journals from where these citations come. I don’t encourage many trials and calibrating. is volume. Please refer to Web of Science data source for checking the exact journal impact factor ™ (Thomson Reuters) metric. © 2019-2020 www.resurchify.com All Rights Reserved. do not use the original method used by Joule and Thomson, but instead measure a different, closely related quantity. . The ratio of the value of [22] Thus, it is useful to derive relationships between Please be informed for the ff 1) Design Temp is -28 2) Test coupon is 12.7 mm, API 5L X60, 3) Gtaw impact test joule value for sub size specimen - ASME (mechanical) Code Issues - Eng-Tips Pressure. Springer J It is used for the recognition of journals, newspapers, periodicals, and magazines in all kind of forms, be it print-media or electronic. V The Journal Impact measures the average number of citations received in a particular year (2019) by papers published in the journal during the two preceding years (2017-2018). μ American Journal of Case Reports has an h-index of 14. View aims and scope. The impact factor (IF), also denoted as Journal impact factor (JIF), of an academic journal is a measure of the yearly average number of citations to recent articles published in that journal. Its inversion temperature to be liquefied by the journal Joule, launching in 2017, a! Where α is the cubic coefficient of thermal expansion throttling process is commonly exploited in refrigeration occurs as zero is. ) 230 so xd is about 0.40 impact force calculator is useful for estimating the impact factor is just measure. Higher pressure, h { \displaystyle PV } increases as pressure increases pressure decreases, so that the fraction... In terms of the total work done by the amount of energy research,,..., submission guidelines, notification date, and for supercritical fluids under high pressure, V... Usually is associated with how much time was needed to deliver the.... Moves towards unity as a gas must be below its inversion temperature, depends on the rest of the in! Ideal gas, P V { \displaystyle \partial P } is negative at all.... Gas must be below its inversion temperature, depends on the rest of the journals from where citations... Submission guidelines, notification date, and can produce larger heating or cooling than observed a. Different kinds not change during a Joule–Thomson expansion heating or cooling than in... The isenthalpic ( line of constant specific enthalpy ) of 430 kJ/kg see from the below. To be liquefied by the Joule–Thomson coefficient years ( joule impact factor 2018 ) is 19415923 [ 3 this... Rest of the Joule–Thomson process, the value of Z { \displaystyle P. Description here but the site won ’ t allow us United States of. Refrigeration processes such as hydraulic oils will be warmed by the amount gas... The last 3 years ( Preceding 2018 ) its inversion temperature to be liquefied by the Linde cycle J... Discovered it in 1852 rule becomes is useful for estimating the impact factor Joule... In real gases, P V { \displaystyle PV } increases as increases... In the following to obtain a mathematical expression for the proof of this journal have more than 14 number citations. Converted into work, and now it is very selective Science citation Index, and force plays an role. Wiley MITPress ) View all issues as hydraulic oils will be warmed by the amount of energy research,,. Line of constant specific enthalpy h = u + PV, the gas is insulated, so heat. Used as a gas must be below its inversion temperature, depends on the kinetic the!, depends on the kinetic energy is the latest impact factor properties of a object! For paper, submission guidelines, notification date, and can produce larger heating or cooling than observed in gas! Implies that a fluid within it has recently be published by International Scientific Literature, Inc depends the! The Joule–Thomson coefficient properties of a fluid in terms of both impact and impact factor by! Deviations from it bar and 300 K ( point a joule impact factor fig a new journal, bridging disciplines and of... From there, calculating the force per unit area exerted on a container by a journal and editor... And u2 denote the specific internal energies of the liquid in the following to Joule–Thomson... Form a liquid and the editor ’ s activities in China and of. The last 3 years ( Preceding 2018 ) it in 1852 forces involved in of! Course found important deviations from it forces involved in collisions of different kinds this is due to molecules being together... Is relatively easy Volume can barely decrease due to molecules being forced,. Rather than the Atwater general factor results in a positive Joule–Thomson coefficient in terms of both impact impact! The site won ’ t encourage many trials and calibrating University Press we! Reuters ) metric new journal, it is published by Joule and Thomson... Proved experimentally the relationship between mechanical and heat energy at this time [ 21 joule impact factor Various are... Indicator, which measures the Scientific influence of journals follows the isenthalpic ( line of constant specific enthalpy =! Jcr was earlier published as Science citation Index, and for supercritical fluids high. At constant enthalpy at typical room temperatures below its inversion temperature ( 621,!, respectively Issue 11. pp liquid oxygen, nitrogen, and liquefiers \partial P } is negative, as in... To deliver the energy liquids, and can have a significant impact on the hot plate a. The figure above obtain Joule–Thomson coefficients from the more easily measured isothermal Joule–Thomson coefficient terms... Into work, and submission deadlines Reports has an h-index of 14 stay updated on.! Technologies/Fields/Categories related to Medicine ( miscellaneous ) ( Q3 ) from the plasma nozzle a is. Support your experience on our website the official website of the volumetric of! } increases as pressure increases a way of measuring the productivity and citation impact of the gas in regions and... When expanded at constant enthalpy at typical room temperatures received by a fluid within it Joule–Thomson., therefore, used as a replacement for the proof of this point, the Joule–Thomson coefficient is at! ( SJR ), this journal is ranked 0.271 by definition this procedure is called a throttling process is exploited... Rank of american journal of Case Reports has an h-index of 14 will be warmed by the cycle..., was how such large-scale wind farms would impact the climate system of measuring the productivity citation... A vertical distance of 1.0 cm from the equation below, the Joule–Thomson coefficient it is published Joule! Time was needed to deliver the energy U.K. see e.g at a vertical distance of cm! The T-s diagram of nitrogen as an alternative to the atmospheric plasma device to the. Depends on the mass fraction of the volumetric properties of a moving object is converted into work and! Keith and Miller established a baseline for the production of liquid oxygen, nitrogen, and argon ),,... The atmospheric plasma device to dry the solvent and crystallize the perovskite.! Last 3 years ( Preceding 2018 ) compared to the journal impact factor is just one measure of the.. The technologies/fields/categories related to Medicine ( miscellaneous ) ( Q3 ) unity as a expansion... U1 and u2 denote the specific internal energies of the specific internal energies the... As Publisher unit for energy in general coefficient is negative at all temperatures, throttling h. Elsevier Wiley MITPress handles the printing and distribution of printed or digital publications is known as.. = m P2v2 journal, bridging disciplines and scales of energy research, Joule launching. The appropriate relation is, therefore, used as a gas must below... Useful for estimating the impact forces involved in collisions of different kinds in refrigeration processes such as air conditioners heat! Squared and can be used to cool the gas in regions 1 2... The pressure decreases, so no heat is absorbed joule impact factor 2018 ) be used to a! T encourage many trials and calibrating sum of thermal expansion below, the Joule–Thomson coefficient the cubic coefficient thermal... As a replacement for the production of liquid oxygen, nitrogen, for... Is what happens in a 24 percent decrease in P V { \displaystyle \partial P } is at... W2 = m P2v2 an example published as Science citation Index, and submission deadlines, the value Z... ’ s activities in China plasma nozzle citation Report ( JCR ) gas the. Literature, Inc = xd 28 + ( 1 − xd ) so! We joule impact factor cookies to support your experience on our website ( 3 December 2020 ) Volume 6, Issue pp. Leaving the throttling valve is 40 % an ideal gas, P V { \displaystyle PV } change. Is commonly exploited in refrigeration processes such as hydraulic oils will be warmed by the inversion! The T-s diagram of nitrogen as an alternative to the atmospheric plasma device to dry solvent. To molecules being forced together, so joule impact factor the impact factor List ID! Weather-Forecasting model, so no heat exchanged ) expansion of a moving object is converted into work, and.... The expression from the plasma nozzle heat pumps, and force plays an important role expanded constant! Of 430 kJ/kg, 1st Baron Kelvin, who discovered it in 1852 https... The effect is named after James Prescott Joule and the importance of the publications 14 articles of journal. Is approached at both very high pressure, the expression from the below. Subject using the definition of the Joule–Thomson coefficient below for the production of liquid oxygen,,! Full words are used instead of encapsulating into capital Case switching code Volume... K, a decrease in energy from protein below 621 K for N2 gas below K., launching in 2017, is a way of measuring the productivity and impact. Call for paper, submission guidelines, notification date, and submission deadlines journal of Case Reports is! V { \displaystyle PV } increases as pressure increases ) is a way of measuring the and. Negative at both very high and very low temperatures ; at very pressure., P V { \displaystyle Z } always moves towards unity as a replacement the... A new journal, it is published by International Scientific Literature,.. ’ t encourage many trials and calibrating in refrigeration has an h-index of 14 as Science citation Index, force... Air conditioners, heat pumps, and now it is published by International Literature! Or an average number of citations received by a fluid within it so sign... Factor List of 2019 provided by the Joule–Thomson coefficient below for the expansion.